Catholic Moral Theology And The Medical Field - 935 Words

Catholic Moral Theology and the Medical Field Principally, morality and ethical issues continue to be a topic of debate, particularly in the modern day world. Essentially, this is because some of them touch the heart of the human life and failure to find a convergence of opinion threatens existence (Piazza Landy, 2013). In this respect, religion is one tool that has significantly influenced and continues to shape this discourse. Accordingly, this easy draws from the moral teaching of the Catholic Church to discuss some of the biggest challenges that human beings face today. The life of every person should be treated with respect and the dignity that it deserves. Fundamentally, the film elicits thought about the sanctity of life and how persons charged with the responsibility of care should go about it. Is this light, there is an element of Selective Human Dignity that is portrayed in the unethical commercial organ harvesting syndicate. The revelation by Dr. Susan that the Jefferson Institute operatives who have been instigating unwarranted patient deaths to obtain body organs for sale in the black market depict the life of recipients as superior to that of the victim. According to Kim (2015), Catholic theology teaches that human dignity is universal, and therefore, each and every person has value and deserves respect. Consequently, not a single life of any individual should be exploited, and people should not view themselves as better than others (Boyle, 2015). In thisShow MoreRelatedThe Intervention Of Biotechnology On Life Takes Two Forms Of Therapy And Enhancement1705 Words   |  7 Pagesoutlines categories that describe how Christians have related to the culture at various times in history with regards to his book Christ in Culture (Chesire 77). After examining each of the five categories and contrasting them with Catholic moral theology and Catholic teaching, I believe the category â€Å"Christ against enhancement† is the most accurate, which Niebuhr explains in that â€Å"the radical Christian regards culture as deeply corrupted by original sin. Within this perspective, biomedical enhancementsRead MoreThe Catholic Church Of Gothic And Scholastic Ideals1305 Words   |  6 PagesAs the rigidity of the Roman Catholic Church’s power, influence, and corruption reached a climax during the Romanesque period, humanity’s desire for a more pleasurable life began to increase. The Middle Ages brought about a transition th at began to replace spiritual emphasis in life and highlighted intellectualism and religious skepticism. Though the church’s power was not necessarily undermined, it was certainly revolutionized and dampened. Examples of this humanistic transformation were representedRead MoreAristotle s Ideas And Philosophies Of Aristotle Essay1622 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle’s principle of potentiality. She approaches the subject from an anthropological point of view, in an effort to show how it is circulated and argued about in society. Morgan asserts that the potentiality principle has been perpetuated primarily by Catholic philosophers who utilize it as an argument in favor of their beliefs in regard to when life begins. To contrast different points of view, Morgan begins by delving into Aristotle’s metaphysics as the origin of the potentiality principle, which sheRead MoreThe Roman Catholic Church s Influence And Governance Over Europe Throughout The Middle Ages1936 Wo rds   |  8 Pagesessay will identify and examine the significance of the Roman Catholic Church’s influence and governance over Europe throughout the Middle Ages. For the purposes of this essay, the Middle Ages refers to the period between the Conversion of Constantine in 313CE and the onset of the Renaissance Period during the early 14th century. In addition, this essay will examine and account for change in the institution and theology of the Roman Catholic Church. It will identify the nature and importance of continuityRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )2042 Words   |  9 Pagesand law professor at St. Thomas University, It would have brought greater demand for health services. The increased number of health professions needed to provide those services would have motivated a younger generation to pursue a career in the medical field. The act would have raised the standard of living in America. Unfortunately a clause was added to the ACA in August of 2011 that woul d mandate the coverage of â€Å"Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved contraceptive methods, sterilization proceduresRead MoreMedical Ethics: an Inclusice History2719 Words   |  11 PagesMedical Ethics: An Inclusive History As long as there has been some form of medical treatment in the world, there has been someone who has voiced their ethical viewpoints on the treatment of patients. It is difficult to trace back the very first ethical thinking in medicine, but Islamic and Muslim traditions have left their footprints in Medical and Bioethics since before the medieval and early modern period. The first piece of literature ever dedicated to the field of medical ethics wasRead MoreEssay on The Positive Relationship Between Science and Religion6961 Words   |  28 PagesThe Positive Relationship Between Science and Religion Introduction: Throughout history we can find many instances where religion was strongly opposed to scientific research. For example, the Catholic Church’s objection to Galileo’s defense of Copernicus’ heliocentric model where he offered his observations that he felt furthered the theory that the planets revolved around the Sun. At that time, the belief that the Holy Scriptures were perhaps inaccurate was one thing, but attemptingRead MoreThe Is Worth The Time Or Money For Students Essay2068 Words   |  9 Pagesour students to choose from; and no matter the path that is chosen, with the young adult’s own diligence and application of hard work, all can excel. At the most seemingly dark part of the Dark Ages, rose a light of knowledge, which came from the Catholic Church’s idea of the university. Undoubtedly it was not a new revelation across the globe, but it was a radical revolution for the Europeans. The university aided in the discovery of new technologies and eventually a revival in astronomy and classicalRead MoreSpirituality And Religion Beliefs Are Influencing The People Life Around The World2799 Words   |  12 Pagesprominent in scientific studies that investigate its influence on health (Miller Thorensen, 2003). As considering people holistically, nurses must think about the spirituality and religion practices of a client when are caring for them. The nurse and medical professional should care persons as complete individuals, taking in consideration: body, mind, and spirit. After evaluated the integrity of each the nurses have to respond the necessities of each patient n the context of their beliefs. In light ofRead MoreTheology of the Body32011 Words   |  129 PagesPope John Paul II’s Theology of the Body A Cliff Notes’ Version Introduction A. The Theology of the Body is the term used to describe the teaching of Pope John Paul about the human person and human sexuality given during his Wednesday Catecheses in St. Peter’s Square between September 5, 1979 and November 28, 1984. John Paul II says that these catecheses could be called â€Å"Human Love in the Divine Plan† or â€Å"The Redemption of the Body and the Sacramentality of Marriage.† B. Various scholars, in

The Effect Of Computer Vandals - 1430 Words

Table of Contents Introduction 1 Summary: 1 Impacts from Hackers 2 Financial loss 2 Loss of information 2 Deacreased Privacy 2 Types of Security Attacks 3 Definitions 3 Hacker Attacks 4 Ways to Prevent Security Attacks 5 Introduction SUMMARY: This report will cover some of the different types of viruses and people who create them (hackers). The research and studies carried out by child organizations and authorities has been analyzed thoroughly and their records have been included in this report. The report will discuss the effects of computer vandals, how the user’s computer can be remotely attacked, and what can be done to prevent being attacked. Impacts from Hackers Hackers have their reasons for breaking through IT security. Some do it just for the challenge, others for information, some for fame and some for improving their programming skills. Any kind of that reason, hacking causes damage to the computing devices of individuals and industries, sometimes resulting in millions of dollars loss of that industry. Here are some of the major impacts: FINANCIAL LOSS At the end of each year, businesses reveal their financial losses. Some of the losses include damages made from unauthorized access to their servers (simply saying hacking). One can be seen from Sony Inc., when, in 2011, it lost US$170 million dollars from a hack of their PlayStaion Network server. With personal information and money being stolen from nearly 77 million accounts Sony had to spend its ownShow MoreRelatedVandalism in the Philippines: Causes and Consequences1584 Words   |  7 Pages Vandalism is the willful or malicious destruction or defacement of public or private property and the one who carries out action of vandalism are called vandals.1 It includes behavior such as breaking windows, slashing tires and destroying a computer system through the use of a computer virus. It involves criminal damages to people’s property without the permission of the owner. It can be also in the form of graffiti in a non-authorized or government infrastructures and properties. Vandalism isRead MoreCybercrime Challenges Of Public Universities1597 Words   |  7 PagesPhysical threats These are generally threats to information security that involve human or natural disasters. These are serious security issues that should always be addressed in any security management. Natural disasters: like any other equipment, computers are subject to natural disasters that occur to homes, stores and automobiles. They can be flooded, burned, melted, hit by falling objects and destroyed by earthquakes, storms and tornadoes. All such events can damage a computing system and may causeRead MoreResearch Paper3914 Words   |  16 Pageschance of being seen, has a high chance of being heard while committing the act, or has little time to vandalize property and get away, there is less chance that vandalism will take place. Vandalism happens everywhere, but most often occurs where the vandal has little chance of being seen. Most often, it occurs: where building design and lighting offers concealment and anonymity in areas frequented by young people such as schools, parks, shopping plazas and public buildings in unoccupied buildings, openRead MoreAdvancement in Technology: Good or Harm?1497 Words   |  6 PagesADVANCEMENT IN TECHNOLOGY: GOOD OR HARM? As technologies and sciences are improving, from radio to computers, people nowadays can have a totally different style life than before. More and more devices are invented making peoples life easier. It is a good sign that people are improving as time goes on; however, it is also a challenge for youth. Many people, especially youths, now have more beneficial and luxurious life. Youth now gets more relaxing and lazy. As time goes on, it will be huge challengesRead MoreEssay on Social Control of Cyber Space1885 Words   |  8 PagesControl of Cyber Space Our nations infrastructure is daily becoming much more of an abstract environment due to the use of organized cyber criminals hacking away at our super computer information systems. They are generating unpredictable challenges for law enforcement in discovering the unethical abuse on computer systems and a concentration on the young topic of cyber terrorism threatening our criminal justice system. Our law enforcement continues to invent newer methods to function and learnRead More Art Theft Essay1796 Words   |  8 PagesMuseum management fears lost sponsorship, increases in insurance costs, and nervousness among potential lender and exhibitors. Unfortunately, those fears are well-founded. They are part of the hidden cost of crime. Reducing the likelihood of those ill effects is part of what one earns by implementing security. (Burrows, p.37) Consider action to counter the threat: Counter-action is the main ingredient in successfully preventing art theft. In this step one must examine how to property staff the placeRead More The History of the Roman Government Essay4423 Words   |  18 Pagesthings peaceful and governed fairly. Octavian ended the Roman tradition of conquest, cutting the army from seventy five to twenty eight legions. In 23 BC, Octavian gave up the consulate, but the senate forced himto keep power over the provinces. In effect, he ran the Empire from the background, while others were elected consul. These consuls had power, but always did what Octavian said. On his death bed, Octavian was advised to forgive his enemies. He responded with, Yes father, but how can I? I haveRead MoreEssay about Should Public Schools Install Video Surveillance Cameras?1873 Words   |  8 Pagesinvasion of privacy is the major issue when it comes to any security system device like the surveillance camera system. The Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution reads: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seizedRead MoreEssay on Advertising and Promotion3003 Words   |  13 Pagesthat social groups read a national paper, whereas this is harder with a local paper. As magazines are normally aimed at specific groups, the adverts also do the same. This basically means that if your shop sells computer parts, then you advertise in a computer magazine. Advantages  · An advert in print is normally kept for longer, so it may be seen many times by different people.  · Colour printing is now available at a much reasonable cost.  · Coupons can beRead MoreRome’s Forgotten Land Essay2372 Words   |  10 Pageslooking for ways to expand their empire. The Romans used this expansion as a way to spread their ideas and their knowledge. By spreading their technology throughout all of Europe they created advancements that wouldn’t be replicated until the time of computers. Language is also something that was huge in the creation of many societies, and the Romans brought language to their colonies which created common ground between the nations of colonized areas. Because of the Roman use of a single language, these

Commentary †Staring At The Sun by The Offspring Free Essays

Maybe life is like a ride on a freeway Dodging bullets while you’re trying to find your way Everyone’s around, but no one does a damn thing It brings me down, but I won’t let them If I seem bleak Well you’d be correct And if I don’t speak It’s cause I can’t disconnect But I won’t be burned by the reflection Of the fire in your eyes As you’re staring at the sun When I ran I didn’t feel like I ran away When I escaped I didn’t feel like I got away There’s more to living than only surviving Maybe I’m not there, but I’m still trying Though you hear me I don’t think that you relate. My will is something That you can’t confiscate So forgive me, but I won’t be frustrated By destruction in your eyes As you’re staring at the sun Commentary (Staring At The Sun) The Offspring are commonly known to be a punk-rock band but they have taken up so many different styles in their albums that many would agree that they sing something unique which cannot be fitted fully in a specific genre of music. But the core of almost every album has been fast songs with really meaningful lyrics (and not just something that rhymes which can be often heard in punk-rock). We will write a custom essay sample on Commentary – Staring At The Sun by The Offspring or any similar topic only for you Order Now Their album, Americana not only sold over 10,000,000 copies worldwide but also presented the band in a new light and served as a development of Californian punk-rock. In Americana, the band sings about different events that happen in the life of ordinary American families and teenagers. Staring At The Sun is one of my favorite songs not only because of the music but also because of powerful lyrics which combines well with the rhythm. Generally, the song is about trying to figure out your identity and how you fit in the world. It is especially evident for teenagers that are growing up and trying to fit in everything they do. The song also tells us of people who want to fit in so desperately that they compromise their interests and transform their character in order to fit in. The lyrics remind me of a narrative poem. The first line sets the mood of the song and suggests that the persona is in deep thoughts about life. Simile â€Å"life is like a ride on a freeway† reflects the subject of persona’s thoughts. Freeway† suggests freedom in choosing your way of living or your place in the society. â€Å"Ride† links to the idea of searching for something in this society. The second line completes the idea raised in the first line that life is searching for your place, trying to fit in the world. â€Å"Dodging bullets† suggests rage which could mean difficulties that can be encountered when trying to â€Å"find yourself† and that irrespective of anger or grudge that you ma y have you should continue to seek for your place in society. The next two lines link to the idea that it is important for anybody to be who he/she is and do not care what anyone else thinks. This is suggested by the third line that although â€Å"everyone’s around†, there is really no help from them in selecting the path of your life (â€Å"no one does a damn thing†). The next line extends the idea slightly suggesting that being yourself while all the rest turn against you is very hard but you should not quit the path you have selected. The end of the third line and the beginning of the fourth are loaded with â€Å"heavy† words. This becomes even more evident as the singer stresses these words when singing the song. Repetition of â€Å"d† and â€Å"g† in the words â€Å"damn†, â€Å"thing†, â€Å"brings†, â€Å"down† emphasizes the fact that there is no help from the people surrounding you and that they essentially try to stop you from selecting your path (â€Å"bring†, â€Å"down†). But this is then contradicted by â€Å"I won’t let them†. The second stanza emphasizes persona’s unwillingness to conform to everyone else. This is suggested by the first four lines. The last three lines of the stanza are very significant. In these lines persona is trying to say that if someone is going to destroy himself, he is not going to drag the persona down with him. This is suggested by â€Å"I won’t be burned by the reflection of the fire in your eyes†. The words â€Å"burned† and â€Å"fire† are significant here as they emphasize burning, dying out, destruction of character and identity of somebody who is trying to fit in something unnatural for himself. â€Å"Staring at the sun† is a metaphor or analogy for people that are being self-destructive or compromising themselves. The persona says that he is not a part of this and appeals to people to stick to their own paths that they have selected and not compromise themselves. The â€Å"burning† of these lines suggests persona’s fury about this situation. The third stanza is about persona in the actual search for his path of life. The first two lines of the stanza suggest that you may be uncertain or doubt the path you have selected when all the people around you are trying to stop you. Echoing of running away (â€Å"ran† and â€Å"ran away†) and escaping (â€Å"escaped† and â€Å"got away†) in the same lines emphasizes your tireless search for the true path, that you may not know what to do or where to go but you should keep seeking for it. This idea is also confirmed by the last two lines of the stanza that you should live in the way you want and not to conform to somebody else’s style of living (â€Å"there’s more to living than only surviving†) just because you have to, if it is unnatural for you. The last line of the stanza confirms the idea that although you realize you have not found your path yet you should continue seeking for it. It is also significant that the idea of searching, emphasized by the first two lines (â€Å"ran†, â€Å"ran away†, â€Å"escaped† and â€Å"got away†) also links it to the idea that your mind could be confused by other people’s opinions. The last stanza again emphasizes the fact that the persona is not going to be dragged down by self-destructive people who compromise themselves. In the first two lines persona is suggesting that although these self-destructive people may understand him they cannot take any action towards changing it as their identity and character are already tied in with the thought that they have to compromise themselves. The third and fourth lines of the stanza signify the fact that persona will not be a part of that by admitting that â€Å"my will† will be guiding him in search for his path and that it cannot be manipulated or â€Å"confiscated† unlike the minds of people who compromise themselves. This is also confirmed by stressing â€Å"my will† which emphasizes strength and endurance. The last three lines of the stanza repeat the end of the second one and thus emphasize the persona’s thoughts that it is important for anybody to be who they really want to and not to try conforming to or to fitting in somebody else’s style. How to cite Commentary – Staring At The Sun by The Offspring, Papers

Common Law Rules free essay sample

A breach of a contract is a failure to perform it. True A court may depart from a precedent if the precedent is no longer valid. TRUE A decision on a given issue by a court is not binding on an inferior court. False A defendant is a person against whom a lawsuit is brought. TRUE A federal statute regulates an employment practice. To resolve a dispute concerning the practice, Paula, a judge, will most likely apply the statute. A state constitution is supreme within the states borders. True A state law that conflicts with the U. S. Constitution will be deemed unconstitutional. TRUE A substantive law creates or defines legal rights and obligations. True As a judge, Jay applies common law rules. These rules develop from decisions of the courts in legal disputes. As a judge, Nina decides cases that involve principles of various sources of law. Common law is case law. Brians pick-up truck collides with Mirandas semi-trailer on a county highway. Weighing Brians liability for the collision, Rachel, a judge, reasons by analogy. To reason by analogy is to compare the facts in previous cases and apply the same rule of law. Civil law is concerned with disputes between persons and other persons and between citizens and their governments. Common law is a term for law that is common throughout the world. False Common law is a term for the laws that are familiar to most of us. False Common law is no longer a source of legal authority. FALSE Common law is the best and only source of legal authority. False Congress can only pass legislation that falls within the limits set up by the U. S. Constitution. True Constitutional law includes only the U. S. Constitution. FALSE Courts do not epart from precedents. False Courts often rely on the common law as a guide to interpreting legislation. True Criminal law focuses on duties that exist between persons. FALSE Damages is a remedy at law. True Deductive reasoning involves a main premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion. True Diana is a state court judge. In her court, as in most state courts, she may grant in a particular case equitable and legal remedies. Each st ate has its own constitution. True Gary is a state court judge. In his court, as in most state courts, he may grant equitable and legal remedies. Hawaii enacts a state law that violates the U. S. Constitution. This law can be enforced by NO ONE If a provision in the Florida state constitution conflicts with a provision in the U. S. Constitution the U. S. Constitution takes precedence. In a suit against Evan, Floyd obtains an injunction. This is an order to do or to refrain from doing a particular act. In a suit against Sandy, Tippy obtains damages. In the U. S. legal system, this remedy at law is normal. In an action against Elin, Frank obtains a remedy. This is the legal means to recover a right or to redress a wrong. In Ben v. City Car Dealership, a state supreme court held that a minor could cancel a contract for the sale of a car. Now a trial court in the same state is deciding Daphne v. Even Steven Auto Deals, Inc. , a case with similar facts. Under the doctrine of stare decisis, the trial court is likely to allow the minor to cancel the contract. In Export Co. v. Imports, Inc. , there is no precedent on which the court can base a decision. The court can consider, among other things, public policy or social values. In most states, the courts no longer grant equitable remedies. FALSE In most states, the courts no longer grant legal remedies. FALSE In Sales Distribution Corp. v. Consumer Products Co. , the court decides that a precedent is incorrect or inapplicable. The court may rule contrary to the precedent. Jill is an appellate court judge. In this capacity, Jill establishes a rule of law. Under the doctrine of stare decisis, the principle must be adhered to by that court and courts of lower rank. John is a judge. The function of John and other judges is to interpret and apply the laws. Julius is a judge. How the Julius and the judges in other courts interpret a particular statute determines how that statute will be applied. Kurt is a judge hearing the case of Local Co. v. Macro Corp. Applying the relevant rule of law to the facts of the case requires Kurt to find previously decided cases that, in relation to the case under consideration, are as similar as possible. Law is a body of enforceable rules governing relationships among individuals and between individuals and their society. True Leona enters into a contract with Munchie Bakery to cater a sales conference. When the conference is postponed indefinitely, Leona asks a court to cancel the contract. This request involves an equitable remedy. Maggie and Nate enter into a contract for the sale of car, but Nate later refuses to deliver the goods. Maggie asks a court to order Nate to perform as promised. Ordering a party to perform what was promised is an equitable remedy. MaxiMart, Inc. , is a discount retailer. MaxiMarts customer service employees are on strike. Sixty of the workers block the entrances to one of MaxiMarts stores. To get them away from the doors, MaxiMart should seek an injunction. Most state trial court decisions are not published. True No state has adopted the Uniform Commercial Code in its entirety. False Quinn is a state court judge. In the case of Royal Banners, Inc. v. Superior Flags Co. , Quinn establishes a logical relationship by comparing the facts in the case to the facts in other cases and, to the extent the facts are similar, applies the same rule. This is reasoning by analogy. Remedies in equity include injunctions and decrees of specific performance. True Rules and regulations adopted by federal administrative agencies are compiled in the Code of Federal Regulations. True State agency regulations take precedence over conflicting federal agency regulations. FALSE Statutory law does not include county ordinances. False The federal government and the state governments constitute the U. S. legal system. This system is based on the legal system of England The Federal Trade Commission is a government agency that issues rules, orders, and decisions. The Georgia state legislature enacts statutes. The Jackson County Board and the Peach City Council enacts ordinances. Administrative law includes the rules, orders, and decisions of the Federal Trade Commission. The legislature of the state of Mississippi enacts a new statute that sets standards for the liability of businesses selling defective products. This statute applies ONLY IN MISSISSIPPI. Whether a law is constitutional depends on its source. FALSE The Montana Supreme Court decides the case of National Co. v. Overseas Corp. Of nine justices, six believe the judgment should be in Nationals favor. Justice Peel, one of the six, writes a separate opinion. The four justices who believe the judgment should be in Overseass favor join in a third separate opinion. Refer to Fact Pattern 1-1A. The opinion joined by the four justices who favor Overseas is known as a dissenting opinion. The River City Council, the Santa Clara County Board, the Texas state legislature, and the U. S. Congress enact laws. These laws constitute statutory law. The Securities Exchange Commission is an administrative agency. The chief purpose of such agencies is to perform specific government functions. The South Carolina Supreme Court decides the case of Toy Co. v. Umbrella Corp. The court issues an opinion that does not indicate which justice authored it. This opinion is a per curiam opinion. The stability and predictability of the law is essential to business activities. True The title of a case appears as Duck Down Corp. v. Egret Feathers Co. The party in whose favor the case was decided could be either party The U. S. Congress enacts a new federal statute that imposes liability on businesses emitting significant amounts of a certain pollutant into the environment. This statute applies to all of the states. The U. S. Congress enacts a new federal statute that sets different standards for the liability of businesses selling defective products.

Armenian Genocide Essays - Armenian Genocide, Anti-Armenianism

Armenian Genocide Essays - Armenian Genocide, Anti-Armenianism Armenian Genocide Why was the Armenian Genocide Forgotten? GENOCIDE By definition genocide is the organized killing of a people for the express purpose of putting an end to their collective existence (Websters dictionary). As a rule, the organizing agent is the nation, the victim population is a domestic minority, and the end result is the near total death of a society. The Armenian genocide generally conforms to this simple definition. FORGOTTEN The Armenian genocide is a hidden, almost lost part of world history, pretty much eclipsed by the more publicized genocide of the twentieth century, the Holocaust. The question is why. I could take a poll of this room and I am willing to bet that 95% of the students have ever even heard of the Armenian Genocide and those who have couldnt tell me more than a couple sentences about it. This is pretty scary, considering the statistics of the Armenian Genocide. OTTOMAN EMPIRE The Ottoman Empire was ruled by the Turks who had conquered the land from across West Asia, North Africa to Southeast Europe. The Ottoman government was based in Istanbul and was headed by a sultan who was given absolute power. The Turks were Islamic and were a harsh disciplinary civilization. The Armenians, a Christian minority, lived as second class citizens subject to legal restrictions (Graber 119). These restrictions denied them normal safeguards. Neither their lives nor their properties were guaranteed security. As non-Muslims they were also obligated to pay discriminatory taxes and denied participation in government. In its prime of the sixteenth century the Ottoman Empire was a powerful state. Its minority populations really benefited with the growth of its economy, but by the nineteenth century, the empire was in serious decline(Graber 121). It had been reduced in size and by 1914 had lost virtually all its lands in Europe and Africa. This decline created enormous internal political and economic pressures which contributed to the increasing tensions among the races (similar to Germanys way of blaming the Jews for their economic decline). Armenian aspirations for representation and participation in government worried the Muslim Turks who had never shared power in their country with any minority. Demands by Armenian political organizations for administrative reforms in the Armenian-inhabited provinces and better police protection only invited further repression. During the reign of the sultan Abdul Hamid, a series of massacres throughout the empire meant to dampen Armenian expectations by frightening them, cost up to three hundred thousand lives by some estimates and resulted in enormous material losses on a majority of Armenians. In response to the crisis in the Ottoman Empire, a new political group called the Young Turks seized power by revolution in 1908. From the Young Turks, the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) emerged at the head of the government in a coup staged in 1913. It was led by a triumvirate: Enver, Minister of War, Talaat, Minister of the Interior, and Jemal, Minister of the Marine (Hovanissian 15). The CUP spewed ultra-nationalistic culture which promoted the establishment of an exclusively Turkish state. It also promoted thoughts of conquering other regions inhabited by Turkic peoples, almost like our Manifest Destiny. When World War I broke out in August 1914, the Ottoman Empire formed part of the Triple Alliance with the other Central Powers, Germany and Austria-Hungary, and it declared war on Russia and its Western allies, Great Britain and France. The Ottoman armies initially suffered a string of defeats. Whether retreating or advancing, the Ottoman army used the occasion of war to wage a scam campaign of massacre against the civilian Armenian population in the regions in which warfare was rampant. These measures were part of the genocidal program secretly adopted by the CUP and implemented under the cover of war. They coincided with the CUP's larger program to eradicate the Armenians from Turkey and neighboring countries. Through the spring and summer of 1915, in all areas outside the war zones, the Armenian population was ordered deported from their homes. Convoys consisting of tens of thousands including men, women, and children were driven hundreds of miles toward the Syrian desert. In April of the young Turks convinced leaders of the Armenian population to meet to discuss the new orders for all

margaret Thatcher essays

margaret Thatcher essays Margaret Thatcher, the second daughter of a grocer and a dressmaker who became the first woman in European history to be elected prime minister. She then went on to become the first prime minister in the twentieth century to win three consecutive terms and, at the time of her resignation in 1990, the nations longest-serving prime minister since 1827. Some people have seen her as a true politic in that she broadened the base of the Conservative Party to include the middle class along with the wealthy. Born on October 13, 1925 and brought up in the modest Lincolnshire market town of Grantham. She basically lived there all of her life with her parents and older sister. A clever child whose father was an ardent worker in local politics, she decided early in life to become a member of Parliament. While growing up it was also a time of cold war. But somehow never as cold in the Roberts home. Food was always on the table, and money Family vacations usually took place along side the beach where Margaret would always meet up with friends year after year while she was a child. Later growing up, she becomes the first of her family to study at Oxford University and Somerville College where she was the first woman president of the Oxford University Conservative Association Graduated with a masters of arts from Oxford in 1950 and worked briefly as a research chemist. Years went by, many years - which I will mention what happens as the pages follow - she still remains alive, happily married to Dennis Thatcher and twins named Margaret Thatcher graduated at Oxford with a degree in chemistry as well, although she always had an interest in politics and law. After all, while growing up in Grantham her father was the mayor for a certain time period. So she had been part of political life and knew the stress that it put on the family. But she did not need to worry She ran for Parli...

Germany and the germans class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Germany and the germans class - Essay Example Prussia came out of the war stronger than it was before because of his military skills. He gave the press the freedom to express themselves and he also established common religious toleration. He managed to protect the people from the law by having a quick judicial process, torture was abolished and the capital sentence was made at his discretion. He developed infrastructure and agriculture. That is how he built his legacy in his time (Woloch, 54). Joseph II lived between 1741 and 1790. He was the Roman emperor and ruler and during his tenure he managed to finish what his mother had started. His reforms were political, economic, judicial and social oriented. He changed the education system by separating it from the monarch and finding the best scholars. The executive and judiciary were separated at the strategic level and he did this to the lower levels of this arms. He managed to make the General hospital a top hospital in Europe. He gave the press their freedom and established an equality of religion. He also transferred ownership of the theaters to the actors to enhance their performance. He also managed to emancipate the Jews which gave the culture a boost. His war tactics also gave his kingdom a competitive edge and position (Woloch, 67). His reforms were well rounded as he touched each and every aspect of the

The problems related to the killing by the Einsatzgruppen Term Paper

The problems related to the killing by the Einsatzgruppen - Term Paper Example An example was police battalion 101 that was charged with extermination of the polish Jewry, and ‘pacifying’ their regions (Goldhagen, 1996, 239). Einsatzgruppen original role is that they often accompanied the military, with instruction to combat anyone behind the frontline, hostile, or bent to sabotage the Reich. However, what they actually did is that they were involved in the deportation, persecution and torture of the Jews in the most despicable manner .In addition, they were often employed in retributive killings whenever Germany lost a soldier in the occupied territory (Goldhagen, 1996, 240). According to Goldhagen (1996, 247) the method employed was shooting their victims in huge trenches, abandoned quarries, ravines and ditches. However, problems developed with this mode of execution. Not all members of these squads were comfortable on the cruelty meted out on their victims. Cold blood executions, especially of women and children were taking a toll on the mental state of the executioners. Some committed suicide, some went mad, and others resulted to massive drinking to combat the memories (Hoss, 1996, 197). For instance, according to Goldhagen (1996, 240), commander of Battalion 101, major Trapp was shaken and wept, following the retributive killing of 200 poles. ... He suffered emotionally and mentally but could not show emotion openly. He became dissatisfied with himself and his main responsibility. This negates the theory advanced by Goldhagen (1996) that all Germans willfully participated in the killing to quench their cruelty and their hate for the Jews. Goldhagen (1996, 246) argues that the Germans wanted to publicly humiliate the Jews, by example shaving their beards which was a symbol of their manhood. Therefore, they deemed their role as that of obeying orders given by Hitler without questioning the morality of the orders. According to Hoss (1996, 161), many people secretly doubted Hitler’s decisions but he could not reveal this. This tally with Browning’s (1995, 99) account, who depicts one Major Trapp as crying the whole day, after he gave an order for the mass killing of innocent Jews. However, according to Goldhagen (1996, 249), all those who participated in the killings could walk away or withdraw from the assignment w ithout any ramifications. In fact, he gives account of an officer who was promoted, even after he had withdrawn from killing assignments. This is contradicted by Browning (1995) adds that those who participated in the killings did not know the specifics of their assignments until it was very late. In fact, Hoss (1996, 163) narrates that after held discussions with Eichmann, realized that there was no escaping the conflict at all. However, according to Borowski (1995, 24) those who participated in the killing viewed themselves to be killing under duress. They were forced to do so. For instance, he narrates a case where an SS officer threatened to shoot him for failure to carry a dead child. In addition, Browning (1996, 29) argues that participation was out of fear of being labeled

Management Information Systems IP Four Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management Information Systems IP Four - Essay Example The other is flash crash: machines go wild case study where the market equity in a flash, plunged to a historic low. The third is the Piloting the Valero with real-time management case study in which the Valero, a Texas-based oil refinery needed a system that could be able to display real-time data about issues concerning the plant. Reality Gets Better Case study Virtual reality is a three-dimensional space, which is a computer generated interactive space. Virtual reality immerses its users in the virtual world while the augmented reality keeps in touch with the real world. Augmented reality uses any of the three major display techniques to be able to achieve the blend of reality mixed with real-life images and graphic effects. The display techniques are hand held displays, head mounted displays that provide the virtual environment and shut out the real world, and spatial displays that mount graphical information on physical surfaces. It has been used to improve marketing in the sens e that it helps involve the customers and is able to communicate to the customers in an interesting and interactive way with relevance to them. In 2009, Esquire magazine was able to use this in their advertising where they added several stickers, which had designs that had this ability. When held up to a web camera, it started interactive video segments featuring the issue’s cover, Robert Downey Jr. (Ovide, 2009). In image guided surgery, a CT scan and MRI provides the necessary data that is superimposed on the patient in the operating room. In real estate, this has been employed to help the user find information they need on the go, since smart phones have GPS, cameras and internet. Therefore, one can just point their phone on a building and the value of the building per square meter and a small photo accompanied by a live image project from the phone’s camera, hence provide real estate information on the go (Macintosh, 2010). Flash Crash: Machines go wild case study The U.S stock markets on May 6, 2010 experienced a sudden and quick plunge at 2:42 PM, which left Dow Jones 600 points down. Twenty-five minutes later, Dow had gained almost the points it had lost. This flash crash appeared to have happened when a single mutual fund company engaged in abrupt selling activities that caused a chain reaction. The high-frequency traders HFTs are the ones now doing the work that the stock specialists used to do, including the matching of buyers and sellers efficiently, which the market makers did. In a case where the algorithm cannot handle the complexity of the event, a flash crash occurs. The algorithm in the case of Overland park on May 6 dumped 75,000 contracts and was instructed to sell them with disregard to price and time, and continued to sell and the prices dropped sharply. It would normally take five hours to sell them but this took twenty minutes (Bowley, 2010). The NYSE activated circuit breakers where the trading traffic is shifted to human stockbrokers intended to slow the trading process and to avoid the plunge (Bowley, 2010). Electronic trading simply showed that it allows the flash crash to occur over a short period of time and is able to amplify sudden market moves, which can go either side and happen faster with minimal chances of intervention (Henderson, 2009). Piloting the Valero with real-time management Valero energy is one of the largest oil refineries in the US,

Analysis of Agency Theory

Analysis of Agency Theory Agency theory is one of the most important concepts of the business areas especially financial economics. Because of its importance, this theory is included in most of the introductory chapters of the modern financial economics books and publications. It is commonly cited as one of the key areas for progress and improvement of the modern financial economics. Moreover, its assumptions provide wide explanations for crucial business areas such as: merger activities, dividend policies, capital structure, corporate restructuring, and executive compensations, etc Agency theory defines the company or the firm as â€Å"nexus of contracts† between different resource suppliers. It is centralized on two different parties: principal, who supply the capital, and the agent who manage the day to day operations for the firm. In other words, it is the relation between one who determines the work and another who does the work. For example, in corporations, principals are the shareholders who delegates work to the agent which is the manager in the company. Agency theory assumes that shareholders and managers are motivated by their self –interest, thus managers are likely to persist their self-interest goal that contradicts with the goals of the owner. However, agents are supposed to work for the self-interest of the principal. This conflict results with a cost called the agency cost. This cost represents the cost of supervising the behavior of the agents as well as the profit loss resulting from operating policies and restrictions on managem ent. Although the agency theory is controversial and contradictory, many scientist talked about this concept and explained its advantages and disadvantages on many business fields’ especially financial economics. Many scientist and scholars talked about the agency theory, and it is one of the most crucial theory in the economic and financial history fields. This theory was originated and created by two scholars, Stephen Ross and Barry Mitnick. Each one had a take a part of the agency theory and created. Economic wise, Stepeh Ross is the one responsible for the economic theory of agency, and financial wise, Barry Mitnick is responsible for the institutional theory of agency. These two scholars used the same concepts but under different assumption. Everyone introduced the theory in his own way or thinking. Ross introduces the agency theory from the side of problems of compensation relation and as an incentive problem. On the other side, Mitnick introduced how the institutions should evolve to deal with deficiencies that is created by the agency relationships. According to Mitnick, â€Å"Behavior never occurs as it is preferred by the principal because it does not pay to make it perfect.† This is the main problem that Mitnick suggest as a deficiency of the agency relationship and he suggested that the society created rules and policies that help the companies to attend these imperfections, managing to deal with them, and adapting to them. Therefore, in order to understand the agency, people need both sides to see the incentive side as well as the organizational structure. However, this theory did not accurately defined properly and introduced to the world until the initiation of Jensen and Meckling articles in 1976. Jensen and Meckling introduces the agency theory as a relationship problem that arises between the owner of the resources and the one who is managing those resources. More general speaking, a conflict can arise between one who owns the capital and the one who is controlling the day to day operation since every party has his own interest that wants to be achieved and those interests can be contradictory. According to Jensen and Meckling, â€Å"Agency cos t arise from the conflict of interest between a principal and an agent.† For example, when managers, who are responsible for decisions that impact the operation of the firm, are not the primary beneficiary of the firm net assets, and do not accept any effect regarding his or her decisions. Moreover, the agency cost is divided into three type of cost: structuring cost, monitoring cost, and bonding cost. Structuring cost is the cost that a firm should take it when manufacturing any product or service such as transaction cost, suck cost, and fixed cost. It is the fixed cost divided by the variable cost. Monitoring cost is watching and supervising the recording of cost daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly. It is very important for the owner to have mangers that allocate the proper time to the proper work and minimize cost as much possible. Due to this problem, Jensen offers many solutions to save the firm from this problem. Setting the use of contract is a cost that the firm should use in order to align the actions of the mangers with the actions of the owner. As Jensen (1994) suggests, â€Å"Managerial decisions designed to strengthen organizations often meet with opposition from colleagues, employees†¦ providing managers with incentives to compromise their decisions.† In other words, the best way to insure that the decisions are not conflicting is to ensure that the trade-off that mangers face are pushing them to take the correct decisions. Therefore, the goal of the agent should increase the firm wealth that lead to increase the performance and market price. Moreover, in order the manager to increase value of the firm, the owner should create compensation plan that trigger the agent to spend his or her efforts or works to maximize the firm profits and productivity. According to the agency theory, the shareholder should have the sense that offering a compensation package to the agents can reduce the agency cost which means that interest of the two parties will be in the interest of the firm as whole, and the two parties will be one team working to maximize the value and the wealth of the organization. The agency theory creates many obligations that shareholders must take into consideration in order to save their firm. The agency cost is one of these assumption that is created in order to show the types of expenses that the firm should spend. It is divided into three types: expenditures to monitor managerial activities such as audit cost. Nowadays, auditing becomes one of the most important business issues that every organization especially the banking sector should apply. For example, due the agency problem, the Lebanese central bank oblige all the banking sector to have two independent big four auditors in order to assure all the financial information that is created by the managers. The second cost is the cost of structuring the organization such as appointing outside members to the board of directors or reengineering the organizational chart in the firm. To have a well design organization charts in a firm is very effective since it helps to allocate the jobs in a way that can m aximize efficiency and get rid of relation problems. The third cost is the opportunity cost that is created by the owner such as voting in specific issues and limit the ability of the managers regarding the actions that advance the shareholder wealth. For this purpose, many mechanism are introduced to the business world that can minimize those costs and solve the agency problems. First, compensation plan can be applied for the mangers such owning a stock in the firm and stock price changes. In this case, managers I obliged to work efficiently for the sake to increase the financial wealth to increase his or her stock value. Another extreme, is to have in the firm stockholders that have a theory X management style which means that they will manage each step or decision that is taken by the managers, but this would be costly and inefficient. The best solution to have a compensation that is based on performance and some monitoring should be undertaken. Moreover, the owner can create a s ense for managers that if they make any wrong decision that affect the firm negatively, they will be fired or replaced by another manager. However, this solution is somehow risky in a case that creates problems in the workplace. For example, many publicly traded companies are creating shares based on performance levels which are shared given for the mangers based on performance which are explained by many financial measures such as earing per share, return on assets, and return on equity etc†¦ If the performance is below the level, the shares will be less than 100 percent. These incentives are created for two main goals. First, they offer executives to take action that will increase shareholder wealth. Second, these types of plans help the firm to retrain managers that can have confidence to risk their financial wealth based on their abilities which can lead to better performance.

Essay On Origins Of World War -- essays research papers

The thesis in the article ‘The origins of the World War’, by Sidney B. Fay, can clearly be stated as the explanation for World War I. Fay states that no one country is responsible for the creation of the war. Furthermore, he goes on to explain that each of the European country’s leaders did, or failed to do ‘certain’ things to provoke the other countries into a war. Fay states, â€Å"One must abandon the dictum of the Versailles Treaty that Germany and her allies were solely responsible. It was a dictum exacted by victors from vanquished, under the influence of the blindness, ignorance, hatred, and the propagandist misconceptions to which war had given rise.† (Fay, The Origins of the World War). His main arguments are his explanations of how each country was responsible for the creation of the war. His first explanation is that of how Serbia was partly responsible. Fay explains that Serbia knew that by not co-operating with the Austrian governm ent over the implications of the Archduke Francis Ferdinand assassination they were indirectly preparing for a war they would fight but did not want. Fay says that Austria was more responsible for the war than any other power but not in military attack, but more in the form of self-defence. He makes it clear that Austria was justified in their battle and that they didn’t have to, â€Å"sit back and await the dismemberment at the hands of its neighbors.† (Fay, The origins of the World War). Fay believes that Berchtold wanted a local war with Serbia but knew and was content with the fact that the rest of Europe could very easily become involved with the war. Fay’s third country’s explanation was that of Germany. He believed that Germany did not want a war and tried to avert one completely. It is his belief that since Austria was Germany’s only dependable ally, they were dragged into the war. Furthermore, he explains that Germany’s geographical location, being in the middle of the conflict between France and Russia, they had little choice in the matter and had to defend their territory as well as Austria-Hungary’s. Fay’s fourth country and major power discussed, was Russia. He believed that Russia supported Serbia because of the frequent guidance and encouragement given at Belgrade, and if a war were to break out they would more than happy to fight along with the belief of France and Britain helping out. Furthermore, at the same ... ...to win this continental war, if it was to come to that. They also in turn had the belief that ‘France may panic, and advise peace’. This would have been a diplomatic win in the German’s books. This would have ‘split Russia from France and isolate both without war’. Although this second point was believed to be unlikely by the German’s it still was a happy, and reassuring possibility. Fischer then went on to say that Hollweg told Bulow that any war that was to occur would last at the most three to four months. Hollweg then went on to explain the possibilities of a ‘friendly relationship’ with England, and then through England, a similar friendship with France. He then stated that this would bring forth a triple alliance with England, France, and Germany all extinguishing the existence of Russia, which would easily threaten the civilization of Europe. Fischer then concludes his essay in Hollweg’s address to the Central Com mittee of the Reichstag at the beginning of October during the ever increasing debate on the unlimited submarine warfare. Fischer states that, â€Å" †¦ this outlines Germany’s real guilt, her constant over-estimation of her own powers, and her misjudgment of realities.†